Be Fit or Be Out of Favor at CFI Westgate Coursework

Be Fit or Be Out of Favor at CFI Westgate - Coursework Example ive power, he made his policies legal and further made clear that the organization had the power to fire employees who would not comply with the new policy. In fact, his tactic is not consistent and cannot meet role expectations as it does not influence followers’ attitude. 2. Siegel’s idea of weight loss contest seems to have better effects when compared with his no-smoking policy results. The main reason is that he himself lost more than 20 pounds in a few years and thereby aroused inspiration among others in this respect. However, Siegel’s coercive style and thoughtless comments have far reaching adverse effects on employees’ morale. Although his objective is genuine and it can bring forth tremendous positive changes throughout the organization, the way he approaches the matter flaws in several respects. Since obesity is often a medical condition that involves genetic factors other than life style problems, one cannot lose weight overnight complying with a new policy. Siegel should find out better options that can trigger enthusiasm among employees. He can be successful in achieving this goal only if his persuasion becomes rational enough with factual evidence and logical arguments. In other words, his idea regarding weight loss should have inspirational

The Great Gatsby - Element of Fiction - The Plot Essay

The Great Gatsby - Element of Fiction - The Plot - Essay Example Nick Carraway, Jay Gatsby, and Daisy Buchanan. She is Nick’s cousin (Fitzgerald 2). Tom Buchanan, Daisy’s husband and Nick’s classmate. Jordan Baker a long time friend to the Buchanan’s family (Gross & Jean 29). Myrtle Wilson Tom’s mistress. The final major character is George B. Wilson Myrtle’s husband. Nick then had moved to the West Egg. Daisy, Nick’s cousin is married to Tom (Gross & Jean 43). They live close to New York City in a town known as East Egg. Tom is tremendously wealthy. For this reason, Daisy had married him (Fitzgerald 12). Nick regularly visits his cousin’s family in East Egg. Where Nick lives, he is neighbored by a wealthy man known as Gatsby. Gatsby throws parties weekly. Nick visits Daisy one evening at her home for dinner. He is introduced to a beautiful girl Jordan. Jordan and Nick start up a romantic relationship (Fitzgerald 25). Through Jordan, Nick learns that Tom has an affair with Myrtle Wilson. Myrtle is a wife to a gas station owner (Gross & Jean 46). One evening, Tom invites Nick to a party in New York. He also invites his mistress Myrtle Tom picks Myrtle on his way to the party. Myrtle gets drunk to uncontrollable levels, while at the party (Fitzgerald 30). She is, therefore, not keen on what she says. She makes fun of Daisy. This hugely angers Nick. For this reason, Nick beats her up (Gross & Jean 51). Actually breaks her nose. Gatsby had fallen in love with Daisy five years ago. Then he was a poor military man. Daisy had opted to marry Tom who is richer (Fitzgerald 45). This was after Gatsby had gone to participate in the war. Gatsby was so determined (Gross & Jean 57). He wanted t get rich. This would help him win Daisy back. This had challenged Gatsby to gain wealth rapidly. He did this through illegal deals of selling prohibited alcohol (Gross & Jean 63). He had then bought the mansion. This was to be close enough to daisy. Gatsby has gained immense wealth (Fitzgerald 47). He plans on

The Survival Of Myth Despite Science Philosophy Essay

The Survival Of Myth Despite Science Philosophy Essay The survival of myth despite the advancement of science and philosophy in the classical Greek world can be explained by its connection with so many facets of Greek culture education, literature, drama, art and its importance in relation to religion, ritual and the after-life. Furthermore, the scale of the work on myth dominated that of the few philosophers and scientists, who were often only able to affect the minority. Fundamental to this question of survival is the relationship between myth (muthos) and reason (logos). In Greek, muthos means story, and relates to the medium traditionally used to describe the feats of the gods and heroes central to Greek mythology. Logos translates as word, and whilst this has numerous meanings principle, argument, explanation and reason, the generally accepted meaning is reason. The two terms then, whilst both presenting an explanation of the world, do so in contrasting ways; myth provides vivid, descriptive narrative often as a form of entertai nment, while reason presents empirical arguments supported by logic. Whilst the Greeks had previously relied on myth as a means of explanation, to reinforce social, political or ethical positions, to uncover or express tensions and dilemmas within society, or to impart a deeper message, during the fifth and fourth centuries, attitudes towards myth began to change. Both Plato and the historian Thucydides for example, associated myth with old wives tales, entertaining perhaps, but with no substance. According to Joanna Overing (1997), Myth or mythos became understood as a form of speech opposed to reasoned discourse or logos. As such myth became defined as opposed to both truth (myth is fiction) and to the rational (myth is absurd). (Overing 2) She cites Vernant as arguing that central to the new emphasis on logos over muthos is the increasing prominence of written text as against the tradition of oral poetry (Overing 2). The most significant groups involved in the change in attitude towards myth, were the Pre-Socratics and the Socratics. Pre-Socratics is the modern term for philosophers from the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, while Socratic indicates Socrates and his contemporaries. Originally, the term sophistÄâ€Å"s referred to anyone who was sophos (wise), and could apply to poets, musicians, philosophers and statesmen. In the fifth century BCE however, it began to refer a group of travelling intellectuals who specialised in tutoring persuasive speech. (While Pre-Socratic and Socratic are both terms that denote the period of the philosopher, the term sophist refers to the method, it is possible therefore, to be both Pre-Socratic and a sophist, like in the case of Protagoras.) Where Classical mythographers depended on the supernatural for their explanations, philosophers pursued the rational order that is visible in natural events. Myths, specifically in this discussion, Greek myth, tended to focus on people, whilst the Pre-Socratics were focused on finding natural explanations. The major difference however, between the Pre-Socratic philosophers and the mythographers of the time, was their approach to explaining the external world; myths, morally ambivalent and self-justifying, allow numerous explanations but the Pre-Socratics aimed to find a single cosmological principle. The first formal histories were composed by Herodotus and Thucydides in the fifth century, and these were followed by attempts by Socrates, Plato and Aristotle to know the external world through logical inquiry. Considered one of the defining moments in the human perception of the external world, these journeys into science and philosophy  [1]  represented a shift from the preceding belief of a world controlled by unpredictable gods, to that of a structured universe understood through scientific observation and rational thought (Study Guide 130). Some of the earliest speculation on this structured universe can be traced to Thales. In his Histories, Herodotus describes Thales foretelling of a solar eclipse; This change from daylight to darkness had been foretold to the Ionians by Thales of Miletus, who fixed the date for it in the year in which it did, in fact, take place. (Herodotus) By modern standards this foretelling may not seem very precise, and we can be confident that it w asnt predicted through any scientific understanding of its cause, nevertheless, Thales forecast demonstrates an understanding of the order of the world, inasmuch as he had correctly interpreted earlier observations of the phenomena by the Babylonians. Diogenes Laertius makes it clear that Protagoras, a Pre-Socratic philosopher and sophist, was fundamental to the debate of muthos versus logos; quoting Protagoras as saying, Man is the measure of all things (Laertius) and later, Where the gods are concerned, I am not in a position to ascertain that they exist, or that they do not exist (Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers 9.52). The first quote appears to be unequivocally reducing the importance of the gods in favour of man and his rational ability, however, the second quote suggests that Protagoras was actually noticeably cautious in his declarations. To further examine his thoughts, we should consider his statement that There are many impediments to such knowledge, including the obscurity of the matter and the shortness of human life. (Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers 9.52) This seems to declare that science and philosophy do not have all the answers, and in fact, may not ever find them given the shortness of hum an life. This, in contrast to a tradition of mythology that has seemingly always provided explanation, may deter any potential converters. It is difficult unfortunately, to interpret these sources accurately since we have no reliable contemporary context. However, what this example does make clear, is that the division between traditional myth and the emerging philosophies was considerable, especially when taken into account with the trial and execution of Socrates. Socrates is today probably the best-known of the ancient philosophers, not least because of the circumstance leading to his death, and was an essential figure in the intellectual developments of the fifth century BCE. His views on religion are most clearly seen in the accusation laid against him; Socrates is guilty of refusing to recognize the gods recognized by the state, and of introducing other new divinities (Laertius). However, it is difficult to be sure of exactly what Socrates beliefs were, particularly with regard to Xenophons Memoirs of Socrates, in which he argues that Socrates believed that the gods were responsible for his abilities in divination, and that therefore, if he trusted in gods, he surely must have believed in gods (Xenophon). The execution of Socrates by the State demonstrates the magnitude of the threat that they felt these new divinities posed. Although myths were not initially intended to communicate moral and/or political beliefs, as Champlin explains, the y were routinely manipulated by emperors in order to enhance their own reputation, by appropriating the gods and heroes of myth and legendary historyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦politicians could present images laden with meanings which were quickly recognizable to a broad public (Champlin 144). The rational order that philosophers were searching for could not be manipulated in the same way that myths could, leaving emperors without one of their leading advertising schemes. Poetry, literature and drama were a substantial part of the Greek culture, and central to them were the Greek myths which provided seemingly endless inspiration. The ancient writers often altered myths to suit their own agenda, be it personal choice, or to reflect the political or social influences of the time. Plato appears to view this influence of myth on society not just as unacceptable, but as almost damaging, explaining that relating myths might encourage people to mirror the actions of the gods and commit the worst crimes, yet think he is doing nothing amazing (Plato 378b2; 4). He states explicitly that the stories told by Homer, Hesiod and other poets are false (Plato 377d4-5), that they contain no moral exemplars, and that even their benefit as allegories is ineffective, since the young cannot distinguish what is allegorical from what is not (Plato 378d6). His proposal to throw out the majority of the stories is tantamount to rejecting the Greek cultural heritage, and would presumably have been viewed by many as the ultimate disrespect. There is an apparent paradox however, in that much of Platos own philosophical work is infused with myth. Murrays explanation of this is that Plato does not intend to free the mind from myth, but rather to appropriate myth from the hands of the poets and construct new myths that will serve the interests of philosophy (Murray). Platos opinions regarding what he views as the immoral behaviour of the gods are reminiscent of those of Sextus Empiricus who describes their behaviour as shameful and reprehensible (Empiricus). Also, like Plato, Sextus Empiricus names Homer and Hesiod as instrumental in circulating such immorality. He equates the gods behaviour with the worst of human behaviour; giving the examples of stealing, adultery, and deceiving one another (Empiricus), all of which appear frequently in the stories of the gods; and in doing so raises the question, If the gods are apparently morally inferior to us, are they worthy of our respect and worship? Sextus Empiricus statements exhibit the beginning of a more critical opinion of the gods that draws on logic and reason. It is possible, that Plato, and Sextus Empiricus, opinions, inadvertently facilitated the survival of myth because the Greeks were opposed to losing not only their primary means of entertainment, but indeed their heritage. In the classical Greek world, philosophers and scientists were still in relatively small numbers, and often confined to the higher classes who had the time and money to explore and experiment. This meant that their ideas only reached the minority. Since the spread of their philosophical and scientific ideas was limited, it could be argued that myth and tradition would have been maintained simply by intellectual apathy. While the developments in philosophy and science were advancing considerably, myth and tradition retained its much of its influence over the Greeks, a conflict that be seen in many of the extant texts from the time. The question of reason versus myth/religion is one that continues today; even in the modern world, where business relies on computers, international travel takes a matter of hours rather than days, weeks or even months, and where man has been to the moon, we still look toward a belief that is thousands of years old. While there are numerous reasons to explain why myth has endured, it may be a simple case of greater numbers there was so much literature about myth that, in comparison to early philosophy, it stood a greater chance of survival. In my opinion however, it has more to do with human nature; people need religion today just as much as the Ancient Greeks needed myth. This, in my opinion, is why myth survived in the face of the scientific and philosophic advances of the classical Greek world people simply need to believe in something greater than themselves.

An Analysis of Poetry by Langston Hughes :: Biography Biographies Essays

An Analysis of Poetry by Langston Hughes Theme for English B begins by Hughes describing the specific instructions for an assignment given to him by an instructor. I feel the understanding of that assignment to be one of the major clues to the meaning of this piece of poetry. "Go home and write a page tonight. And let that page come out of you- Then, it will be true." At my first glance of this poem I felt I had the idea Hughes was expressing down, but these instructions caught my eye. It grabbed my attention because I did not feel that the statement given by the instructor was necessarily true in itself. Since the instructor did not say "be true to you" at the end of this phrase, he was actually saying that whatever comes out of a person is true. Now in my lifetime I have found, early on as a matter of fact, that many thoughts that come from people are actually no true at all. This being my reasoning I was having a rather hard time moving on to the meat of the poem.

Kingdom of matthias

Kingdom of Matthias is one of the literary works that gives focus to an important part of American history, the great age of democratic revivals in the country. The book is an attempt to find meaning and relevance in the Kingdom of Matthias. The authors of the book, Paul Johnson and Sean Wiletnz assert that the Kingdom of Matthias cannot simply be called an evangelical movement for a closer analysis of the movement will reveal that Matthias’ religious vision does not run in parallel with the new evangelicals of the time. Instead, his religious movement ran largely in contrast and in opposition to the evangelicals of the First and Second Great Awakenings. The book is the authors’ attempt to tell the tale of the national scandal that grew out of the Kingdom of Matthias. The authors weave a tale that integrates the three elements that made the Kingdom of Matthias prominent in American history. That is salvation, sex, and murder. The said literary piece is enjoyable to read despite its gruesome and eerie topic for the authors were able to turn the story into a novel. By using the lives of several characters, Johnson and Wilentz were able to reveal the facets of the evangelical movement through the lives of the said characters. This was vital to the story for it prevented the book from being a mere historical account of events by giving it a personal touch. Recounting the personal tales of each of the characters enabled the authors to tell the events in a story-telling manner. The book must also be commended for its ability to relate the events of the past to those of the present. This is vital especially since the book is often times used by students who want to see the relevance of what they are reading to their lives today. However, there are certain cases when the authors were seemingly exhausting the story too much. By doing so, they were clouding the story with tedium to certain extents. For instance, I do not see the need to discuss and expound on the Matthew’s brothers involvement in the anti-masonic hysteria in Rochester. Since the focal point of the book is a evangelical movement, it should be expected that much of the discussion will be centered on the intricacies of the religion and the beliefs it tries to promulgate. However, the authors were not able to give that much focus on the religious beliefs. Instead, the discussion was centered on how the Kingdom of Matthias was at the edge of religious respectability and how its teachings led to the scandal it saw itself in. Finally, the community played a very relevant role in the novel for the authors defined the lives of the main characters based on how the community reacted to them. In each of the stories that were recounted, the community’s role was largely explored. From the denial of certain evangelical movements of the membership of certain characters, to the reactions of the community to the practices of the Kingdom of Matthias, the authors continuously discussed the role and relevance of the community to the story. Kingdom of Matthias is a historical novel that explores the scandal of the evangelical movement of the same name. It tackles the relevance of how radical evangelism helped shaped the country into what it is today.

Hasty Desicion Essay

Who falls in love after seeing each other for only one night. Romeo and Juliet has made some hasty decisions for those few days they were together. What do i mean about hasty decisions is like getting married and not never telling their parents knowing that they hate each other. Romeo killing Juliet’s cousin Tybalt during a little fight. And Romeo killing himself after hearing that Juliet fake her death. That is what i mean about hasty decisions. Romeo and Juliet were very young Juliet was fourteen years old and Romeo was sixteen or seventeen years old. Romeo and Juliet falls in love with each other as soon as they saw each other. It was at a dance. Romeo and Juliet families did not like each other for nothing in the world that’s what makes it worst. How are you going to have a relationship with someone if the parent’s doesn’t approve of it that’s kind of miss up right. So they had a secret wedding that only the nurse and the preacher know about. That’s one the hasty decisions that were made in this story. In the story of Romeo and Juliet they make another hasty decision. Romeo kills Juliet cousin Tybalt . Romeo has made a very huge hasty decision right here by killing a family member. What makes it very bad is that the families a families already don’t like each other and he go and kills his wife cousin. So they go and deliver the news to the families and Juliet family say’s that Romeo should die for doing a such thing. So now that Romeo has killed Tybalt is focus to move out the city or he will be killed. The last hasty decision that was made was that happen in the story is that Romeo has killed himself with some position . Romeo kills himself because he heard that Juliet killed herself. So now Romeo is gone and died somewhere else . Then they tell Juliet and she fake her death. So now that the truth comma’s out about them . The nurse ends up telling the families that they were married and had no other choices about but to just to get alone with each other choice but to like each other. In conclusion their were so much more hasty decision that were made. And i just chose to do those three to write my essay on how they made bad things like. Married without telling either of their parents knowing that they hate each other, Romeo killing juliet’s cousin Tybalt and almost getting himself killed, and Romeo and Juliet drinking a position to kill their self and that killed Romeo and they never said if it killed Juliet. But i think it did in my own opinion. That is my way of them trying to show their hasty decision. I wonder what would happen to me if i did any of these types of hasty decision that they had made.

MBA Essay Editing

MBA Essay Editing MBA Essay Editing MBA Essay Editing To get an MBA admission you need to stand out from the crowd as you impress the admissions committee with your wellrounded personality and ability to multi-task. But the last and most important step consists of MBA Essay Editing. While doing some MBA Essay Editing read through your essay to gauge if it exhibits some clear thinking. Clarity of thought will lead to clarity of purpose so put down: Your goals Your attributes through which you can achieve them The things that motivate you in life Once you have written your essay you still have the vital step of MBA Essay Editing to go through before your essay can reach the completed and polished stage. This is when you need to check and recheck the ideas and text for any flaws as well as mistakes. What is MBA Essay Editing? Editing consists of checking what you have written for Grammar and Spelling mistakes. You can do this by using a ruler under each line to assure accuracy. These are the things to watch out for while MBA Essay Editing: Have I spelled all the words correctly? Is my grammar flawless? Have I read and reread my essay till I am completely satisfied with the outcome? Are the subjects and verbs in agreement with each other? Does every sentence have a subject? Have I stuck in the right tense? Is there a logical flow and a proper progression of ideas? Are my ideas and thoughts clearly written and easy to follow? Do I have a strong thesis statement that is validated by the rest of the essay and re-enforced in the conclusion? Does my essay have a beginning, middle and an end: Will my essay hold the attention of my reader? MBA Essay Editing Help Proof reading and MBA Essay Editing can seem like a chore but it can make all the difference to the quality of your essay. You may have written a brilliant paper but clumsy English and faulty spellings can just about ruin it. One thing you have to keep in mind though is NOT to edit when you are fatigued. Always take a break after writing your paper and then start on the editing stage when you are refreshed. Also, remember to use spell-check as a part of your editing process-but remember not to rely on it 100% since even spell-checks can go wrong sometimes and may not show up a spelling error even when there is one. After careful planning and MBA Essay Editing you are bound to get the grades that you are looking for. Read also: Assignments Online Writing English Coursework Sociology Coursework Help Religious Coursework Religion Coursework

Career Tips for Twentysomethings to Build a Lasting Career For Years

Career Tips for Twentysomethings to Build a Lasting Career For Years You may feel young and immortal, but you won’t be by the time you’re in your 30s and feeling over the hill. Taking a few important, but relatively easy steps now can really make a difference in setting you up for future success. Pay yourself forward. Here are 15 career tips that will help pay serious dividends in a year- or two- or 20.1. Master basic life skillsNow that you’re out of school and on your own, it’s the time to practice all those adulting skills no one ever really told you that you would need. Things like living within your means, putting money away for the future, dealing with rejection, staying patient and positive, eating your vegetables, and paying your bills. A little work now can do a lot of good later.2. Ask yourself a daily question (or questions)So many of the greats motivate themselves by asking inspirational questions on a daily basis. Things like: â€Å"what good thing can I do today?† or â€Å"what would you do if you thou ght you couldn’t fail?† In the words of Einstein, â€Å"Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.† A little self-reflection is always as good thing- and will stand you in good stead if it becomes a habit when you really need it.3. Stay healthyDevelop and stick to a fitness regimen while you’re still young and healthy. Don’t wait until you start to feel the aging process settle in. If you make it a habit and not an onerous project (slash gargantuan task), then you’ll never neglect yourself or fall into decrepitude and bad health. And you’ll save yourself a lot of time and struggle later.4. Learn to cushionWhen you’re heading to work, or to an interview, or even to meet friends for dinner, it’s very important to leave yourself a bit of wiggle room on your way. If you think it will take you 22 minuets to get somewhere, practice rounding up and giving yourself a h alf an hour just to be on the safe side. One day (or several!) this will save your bacon. If nothing else, you’ll never have to arrive sweating or out of breath again.5. Go outside your comfort zoneParticularly when in social situations. Pushing your own limits just a little here and there will make you much more relaxed and socially adaptable later when your worst hermit habits kick in as you age.6. Pick up a hobbyBetter start now and pick one while you have the energy and wherewithal to pick a cool one. It will stand you in good stead in a decade or two when hobbies come in handy for helping to expand your social circle.7. Take your timeLearning to spend quality time with yourself is an incredibly valuable skill. Take yourself to a movie. Go out to dinner alone and don’t spend the whole time noodling on your phone. The earlier you can develop ease with solitude, the better off you’ll be. Start small- even just a half an hour a day.8. Get involvedGetting involv ed in meaningful causes is a great way to gain some perspective and keep your priorities straight. You’ll never be this young or strong again; and you’ll never have more free time. So get out there and help someone other than yourself. You’ll be very glad you did.9. Save upYouth is great, but old age is just around the corner. Money you put away for savings now will only grow. Even just $5 a month into a retirement account can make a world of difference when the fated day arrives. Try living frugally while you’re still young and vital so you can live comfortably and with security when you need those two things most.10. Be informedTo be interesting you should also be interested. Keep track of current events and sporting milestones. Keep abreast of the most meaty and meaningful issues of your day. You’ll not only be a better conversationalist, you might just find a passion you didn’t realize you had.11. Fail betterSuccess is a great goal, but failure is a very important stepping stone on the way there. Let yourself fall flat on your face a few times- this is how we learn. Then get up, dust off, and try again. The more you recover and overcome now, the more resilient you will know yourself to be when you start to feel more daunted by worldly circumstances.12. Weekly reviewStart the excellent habit of running through your week. Ask yourself what went well, what could have gone better, and what adjustments you should try to make in the coming week to keep improving. Little bits of work like this will make a big difference over the course of adulthood.13. Read everythingThis is the best life skill there is. For the cost of a library card, you can improve your vocabulary, learn about the world, become more fluent in a wide variety of subjects, and be able to better empathize with people who are entirely different than you. Reading exercises your mind and your heart- and both things make you a better person.14. See the worldDo n’t just try and make a pile of money to enjoy in your dotage. Travel while you have the energy and health and time without constraints. See the world. Develop a taste for new things. You’ll be a much more interesting old person- and you’ll experience a much more diverse world.15. Shake it upRoutines are great, but every once in a while it’s good to shake things up a little. Just to prove to yourself you’re still in the driver’s seat. Make every day of your life memorable and meaningful and you’ll have very few regrets indeed.

Buddha Essays - Gautama Buddha, Arahants, Ascetics, Buddhas

Buddha Chris This report will be about the life of Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, and his influences on the people around him. It will explain how the religion of Buddhism came about and how the Buddha created it. It will also include not only what influenced Buddha to start preaching, but what influenced the people to listen. Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who would later be known as Buddha, was born in Lumbini, Nepal around the year 563 BC. He was the son of two important great people. Siddhartha?s father?s name was Shuddhodana, the King of the Sakyas. His mother, Queen Maya, was a lady ?of perfect form and bee-black tresses, fearless in heart and full of grace and virtue.? Siddhartha got his name from one of his mother?s dreams. Her dream was that an elephant with 6 tusks, carrying a lotus flower in its trunk, touched the right side of Queen Maya?s body. That was when Siddhartha was miraculously conceived. When she told her husband about her dream, he called Brahmins, or learned men to interpret it. They predicted that the child one-day would be the greatest king in the world or the greatest ascetic in the world. So that?s why they called him Siddhartha, meaning ?he whose aim is accomplished.? When Siddhartha was about 20 years old he married Yasodhara, who was the daughter of one of the King?s ministers. S iddhartha and his new wife had a child a year after they got married. They called their son Rahula, which means ?impediment.? Nine years later Siddhartha asked his charioteer to take him for a ride throughout the city. While riding he saw three things he had never seen before. One was an elder man, another was a man suffering from illness, and finally he saw a dead body surrounded by mourners. Since he had never seen anything like that before he asked his charioteer, Channa, what was wrong. He responded and told the Prince that these things were natural and unavoidable, that happen to all kinds of people. ?Everything is transient; nothing in permanent in this world?.Knowing that, I can find delight in nothing?How can a man, who knows that death is quite inevitable, still feel greed in his heart, enjoy the world of senses and not weep in this great danger Once again Siddhartha asked Channa to take him out into the city again and this time he was to see the last of four images that would change his life forever. The last sight he saw was a wandering old holy man with no possessions. His head was completely sh aved and he was wearing a yellow robe. The Prince stopped and talked to him. The holy man said some inspiring words to the Prince. When Siddhartha got home that night he kissed his family goodbye and ordered his charioteer to take him out of the city. When he came to the edge of a forest he got rid of his prized possessions, shaved his head and beard, put on the yellow robe of the old man, and gave his clothes and jewelry to Channa and told him to bring it back to his father. According to legend he left his family and wealth to find the cause of human misery. Next Siddhathra traveled throughout the northeastern portion of India, seeking out holy men, who taught him ancient Indian techniques of meditation. Even though meditation was important to him, his main quest was to find the answer to the problem of suffering. He wanted to know why they were suffering and how this suffering could stop. So Siddhartha studied the teachings of Hinduism. He was very fascinated by the belief of reincarnation or Samsara. This was the belief of the soul, after death, would travel to a new body-being born again. Depending on the person?s previous life, its soul could enter a body of higher or lower state of existence. The determining factor of a soul?s new existence is how the person lived his last life. This is called Karma. Siddhartha found this very interesting, so he adopted a life of self-denial and penance?s, meditating constantly. After many other complications, like fasting for several years, Siddhartha was enlightened. The experience of enlightenment was really the

Reflections of what happened in early childhood center of early Essay - 1

Reflections of what happened in early childhood center of early childhood education in NZ - Essay Example I am now at the point where I want to know how to balance children’s interest with the things I know they need to learn with the teacher’s guidance. Informing Kilderry (2004) discussed critical pedagogy in a sense that early childhood educators critically assess the purpose of everything they do with children. They hold wide perspectives and know when to adjust to the context each child comes from. Critically aware early childhood practitioners believe that knowledge is constructed within a social group and is mediated and cannot be separated from its cultural and historical understandings (Jipson, 2000). Thus, in a multicultural setting, the teacher gets to adjust to and respect each child in accordance to their cultural and family backgrounds. The teacher makes a range of teaching decisions in everything that comprises the learning environment of children, but ultimately follows the child’s lead. Critical pedagogy in the New Zealand educational system applies t he principles of the Te Whaariki curriculum of empowerment, holistic development, family and community and relationships (MOE, 1996). Such curriculum supports the learning and development of children and their families through a nurturing safe environment that allows children to explore their world under the watchful eyes of their teachers and parents. Confronting This reflection conforms to the learning outcome 4.3 The ethical, moral and political dimensions of professional dilemmas are critically reflected upon, including reference to both the early childhood Code of Ethics and the New Zealand Teachers Council Code of Ethics. This is very apt to my own questions on the balance between child-centredness and teacher-directedness in the early childhood curriculu

Dont know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dont know - Essay Example That was when I decided to grow up fast, not only to be given the opportunities to explore the world; but more so, to start an intimate relationship with coffee. The first cup of sought of coffee was ultimately luxuriated in when I was in my teens. After years of intent and discreet observation of mother quietly humming while fixing the brewing coffee pot, I finally had the courage to fix one of my very own on a fatefully cold and breezy Sunday morning. Everybody was still tucked peacefully in bed and the sleepy sun was still brazed in oblivion like a black grizzly bear in hibernation. Slowly and ultra-quietly I crept to the kitchen cupboard to open the newly bought canister of Folgers Gourmet coffee in Caramel Drizzle flavor. I prepared the coffee maker and as I opened the lid, the aroma was just invigoratingly inviting. The smell permeated slowly and intensely to one’s nostrils and then, the desire immediately crept to one’s palate, like a thief that carefully planned its next attack. Amidst the darkness of the kitchen, where I lit a small soft light through the immaculately clean counter’s night lamp, I was able to me asure the clear water to my desired level, as religiously observed from mother’s skilled hands. Carefully and slowly, I poured the measured water in the carafe and returned it on the heating plate. Then, nervously at first, I diligently measured two fully filled tablespoons of Folgers Gourmet coffee, continuing to be exhilarated by the engulfing aroma. I waited patiently as I turned on the coffee maker, to what seemed to be eternity, like a young teen-ager expectantly waiting for the coming of a persistently determined lover. When the anticipated wait was finally over, the moment remarkably coincided with the break of the first morning sunlight, as the sounds of early rising birds started chirping through the nearby tree canopies. At last, the

Technology and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Technology and Culture - Essay Example For this reason the knowledge of mapping is of high importance. Different softwares and techniques are available for this purpose, especially at the schools and college level which can help the students and fresh ones to get an adaptation of the mapping through simple procedures. Tang and Hyerle tried explaining the working of the visual learning map software in a manner of elongated and spread out tree. They have their nodes extended and each carrying an important element such as operation, similitude. The similitude part consists of metaphor and analogy while the operation part consists of linear and recursive functions. It pertains to the concept of being similar, or alike. These are based on the Rigorous analogy method proposed by Miller analogy and concoction. Miller analogy finds large number of applications in computing world, especially in the domain of mapping and route traversing. This model tries to address all questions and relevant queries in a logical manner. The tree model helps executing the overall method in a multiple way, which is either by handling it in a top down approach or in a bottom up approach. Each representing sufficient information and is executable in either way. Classification map is another method for determining the overall method of map execution. Classification model map is also of tree nature in its outlook and has the characteristics that are laid down by Tang and Hyerle. Each part of the tree being a component in form of a node and these nodes containing the valuable information. Another approach towards map drawing is that of structural maps. As the name implies, the overall approach is based on designing of map based on the structural factors. Structural maps fall into two categories, the first being a properties map and the second being parts map. The latter is used to execute and evaluate the analysis of the items involved while the properties map as the name implies is inclusive of part map and

Special Interest Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Special Interest Tourism - Essay Example Dark Tourism, on the other hand, is the tourism to sites of tragedy, says John Lennon (2005). Human beings have a liking to travel to places of tragedy where they come close to death knowing fully well that they are far away from whatever that was causing it. This according to Lennon (2005), happens because of a mix of reverence, voyeurism or may be a thrill of coming into close proximity with death. In addition to this, special interest would also include sports, mountaineering, technology interests and very other specific interest zones which one might not find in the course of normal tourism. Dark tourism is a specific case of special interest tourism. Special Interest Tourism caters to the needs of specific groups. According to Douglas et al (2001), it normally starts with the individual. When the individual is interested in a specific topic, she tends to start off a group interested in the special zones. The senior tourism that is also one of the special interest tourisms is specifically made for the seniors and their interests. This tourism might be to places of pilgrimage and then of course, those places that are related to their childhood and growth. Every kind of special interest tourism has relevance to the person concerned. Therefore, the reason behind special interest tourism is identifiable and the flow of tourists is also predictable to a great extent. Special interest tourism on Music is a common liking in Europe. Many English who are interested in music take on such a tour to visit all those historic sites of music and try to relive the glorious days of the yore. A similar thing happens with art, adventure or many suc h sports. Special Interest Tourism, says Tsartas et al (2005), is really a marketing segmentation created by the travel industry to highlight specific selling points. Secondly, this Special Interest Tourism is also aimed at providing the best possible service to the tourists. The satisfaction gained by the tourists is particularly better with Special Interest Tourism because of the reason that the groups of people will be having related targets and their requirements will be in line with the needs of the others in the group. All this would help the organiser to provide better service and at the end ensure that the individual tourist is happier. This 'satisfaction' also arises from the fact that every tourist has a purpose behind the visit that he or she makes. If the person has to get back satisfied then this interest has to be identified and has to be catered to. Most of the tours therefore, once the specific interest is identified, become a special interest tour meeting the needs of the specific tourist or group. This makes almost all the tours that are conducted as something 'special' and there could always be areas that need to be taken care of. This brings into focus the need for further research in this segment and the need to work more on this to understand and appreciate the need for the special interest tours, particularly, in the case of small businesses (Page et al, 1999). 2. How according to Douglas(2001) might Dark Tourism be described as being complex Douglas et al (2001) assert that dark tourism is a complex interaction of multiple emotions and feelings.

Personnel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personnel Management - Essay Example When a company takes on a particular mode of employer-employee relations, the choice is often dictated by Purcell's (1987) "guiding principles" which give due consideration to such factors as the stockholders' interests, the market conditions in which the company operates, the company's level of growth, management's biases and its perceptions of power and conflict. It is believed that personnel management systems are also determined by the different dimensions of organizational ownership, size, strategy and structure, not to mention past history and market conditions. Based on these influences, the management-labor relations mode that emerges is either the "unitary" or "pluralist" type (Fox, 1966, 1974). The managers inclined to a unitary frame of reference believe that management and employees share a common interest, namely, the survival and growth of the company, and as such should find as aberrant any conflict that may result from the existence of a labor union or any company troublemakers. The pluralist view, on the other hand, recognizes that all stakeholders in the company have legitimate interests that should be met, diverse though they may be. For this reason, the different interest groups, including the unions, are within their rights "to bargain and compete to get a share in the balance of power and to achieve a negotiated order out of diversity (Legge, Karen)." Individualism and Collectivism The unitary and pluralist theory of Fox on employee relations resemble Purcell's concept of individualism and collectivism in many ways, except in the attitude towards unionism and collective bargaining. Individualism and collectivism, as defined, are not opposites but two facets of a managerial belief system concerning employees. The individualist style of management attaches value to the individual and his right to advancement and fulfillment at work. Hence, this leans more on paternalism and eschews the group action characterized by unionism. In a collectivist regime, management recognizes the collective interests and rights of a group of people in the decision making process, which can best be expressed through a labor union. There is another, more radical frame of reference said to be of Marxist origin that looks at society as a jumble of antagonistic class interests. Called "macho management," this theory runs along the same lines of the dog-eat-dog concept in which the weak will be eaten alive by the strong if the former do not watch out. Society, according to this concept, is cleaved by deeply rooted social and political inequalities and is held together as much by coercion as by consent. Management in this configuration keeps a distance from employees and generally treats them with suspicion. As work inducement, the macho managers try to keep the workers in line with the carrot-and-stick approach. 5 Employee Relations Models Under the Purcell and Fox frames of reference, there are five different models of management-employee relations: traditionalist, sophisticated-paternalist, consultative, constitutionalist and standard-modern. The traditional style views people as simply a factor of production, as hands to be exploited or a cost

Technology and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Technology and Culture - Essay Example For this reason the knowledge of mapping is of high importance. Different softwares and techniques are available for this purpose, especially at the schools and college level which can help the students and fresh ones to get an adaptation of the mapping through simple procedures. Tang and Hyerle tried explaining the working of the visual learning map software in a manner of elongated and spread out tree. They have their nodes extended and each carrying an important element such as operation, similitude. The similitude part consists of metaphor and analogy while the operation part consists of linear and recursive functions. It pertains to the concept of being similar, or alike. These are based on the Rigorous analogy method proposed by Miller analogy and concoction. Miller analogy finds large number of applications in computing world, especially in the domain of mapping and route traversing. This model tries to address all questions and relevant queries in a logical manner. The tree model helps executing the overall method in a multiple way, which is either by handling it in a top down approach or in a bottom up approach. Each representing sufficient information and is executable in either way. Classification map is another method for determining the overall method of map execution. Classification model map is also of tree nature in its outlook and has the characteristics that are laid down by Tang and Hyerle. Each part of the tree being a component in form of a node and these nodes containing the valuable information. Another approach towards map drawing is that of structural maps. As the name implies, the overall approach is based on designing of map based on the structural factors. Structural maps fall into two categories, the first being a properties map and the second being parts map. The latter is used to execute and evaluate the analysis of the items involved while the properties map as the name implies is inclusive of part map and

Personnel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personnel Management - Essay Example When a company takes on a particular mode of employer-employee relations, the choice is often dictated by Purcell's (1987) "guiding principles" which give due consideration to such factors as the stockholders' interests, the market conditions in which the company operates, the company's level of growth, management's biases and its perceptions of power and conflict. It is believed that personnel management systems are also determined by the different dimensions of organizational ownership, size, strategy and structure, not to mention past history and market conditions. Based on these influences, the management-labor relations mode that emerges is either the "unitary" or "pluralist" type (Fox, 1966, 1974). The managers inclined to a unitary frame of reference believe that management and employees share a common interest, namely, the survival and growth of the company, and as such should find as aberrant any conflict that may result from the existence of a labor union or any company troublemakers. The pluralist view, on the other hand, recognizes that all stakeholders in the company have legitimate interests that should be met, diverse though they may be. For this reason, the different interest groups, including the unions, are within their rights "to bargain and compete to get a share in the balance of power and to achieve a negotiated order out of diversity (Legge, Karen)." Individualism and Collectivism The unitary and pluralist theory of Fox on employee relations resemble Purcell's concept of individualism and collectivism in many ways, except in the attitude towards unionism and collective bargaining. Individualism and collectivism, as defined, are not opposites but two facets of a managerial belief system concerning employees. The individualist style of management attaches value to the individual and his right to advancement and fulfillment at work. Hence, this leans more on paternalism and eschews the group action characterized by unionism. In a collectivist regime, management recognizes the collective interests and rights of a group of people in the decision making process, which can best be expressed through a labor union. There is another, more radical frame of reference said to be of Marxist origin that looks at society as a jumble of antagonistic class interests. Called "macho management," this theory runs along the same lines of the dog-eat-dog concept in which the weak will be eaten alive by the strong if the former do not watch out. Society, according to this concept, is cleaved by deeply rooted social and political inequalities and is held together as much by coercion as by consent. Management in this configuration keeps a distance from employees and generally treats them with suspicion. As work inducement, the macho managers try to keep the workers in line with the carrot-and-stick approach. 5 Employee Relations Models Under the Purcell and Fox frames of reference, there are five different models of management-employee relations: traditionalist, sophisticated-paternalist, consultative, constitutionalist and standard-modern. The traditional style views people as simply a factor of production, as hands to be exploited or a cost

Tata Motors Essay Example for Free

Tata Motors Essay The Tata group comprises over 100 operating companies in seven business sectors: communications and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. The group has operations in more than 80 countries across six continents, and its companies export products and services to 85 countries. The total revenue of Tata companies, taken together, was $100. 09 billion (around Rs475,721 crore) in 2011-12, with 58 percent of this coming from business outside India. Tata companies employ over 450,000 people worldwide. The Tata name has been respected in India for more than 140 years for its adherence to strong values and business ethics. Every Tata company or enterprise operates independently. Each of these companies has its own board of directors and shareholders, to whom it is answerable. There are 32 publicly listed Tata enterprises and they have a combined market capitalisation of about $89. 53 billion (as on June 6, 2013), and a shareholder base of 3. 8 million. The major Tata companies are Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, Tata Global Beverages, Tata Teleservices, Titan, Tata Communications and Indian Hotels. Tata Steel is among the top ten steelmakers, and Tata Motors is among the top five commercial vehicle manufacturers, in the world. TCS is a leading global software company, with delivery centres in the US, UK, Hungary, Brazil, Uruguay and China, besides India. Tata Global Beverages is the second-largest player in tea in the world. Tata Chemicals is the world’s second-largest manufacturer of soda ash and Tata Communications is one of the world’s largest wholesale voice carriers. In tandem with the increasing international footprint of Tata companies, the Tata brand is also gaining international recognition. Brand Finance, a UK-based consultancy firm, valued the Tata brand at $18. 16 billion and ranked it 39th among the top 500 most valuable global brands in their BrandFinance ® Global 500 2013 report. In 2010, BusinessWeek magazine ranked Tata 17th among the 50 Most Innovative Companies list. Founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868, Tata’s early years were inspired by the spirit of nationalism. It pioneered several industries of national importance in India: steel, power, hospitality and airlines. In more recent times, its pioneering spirit has been showcased by companies such as TCS, India’s first software company, and Tata Motors, which made India’s first indigenously developed car, the Indica, in 1998 and recently unveiled the world’s most affordable car, the Tata Nano. Tata companies have always believed in returning wealth to the society they serve. Two-thirds of the equity of Tata Sons, the Tata promoter holding company, is held by philanthropic trusts that have created national institutions for science and technology, medical research, social studies and the performing arts. The trusts also provide aid and assistance to non-government organisations working in the areas of education, healthcare and livelihoods. Tata companies also extend social welfare activities to communities around their industrial units. The combined development-related expenditure of the trusts and the companies amounts to around 3 percent of the groups net profits in 2011. Going forward, Tata is focusing on new technologies and innovation to drive its business in India and internationally. The Nano car is one example, as is the Eka supercomputer (developed by another Tata company), which in 2008 was ranked the world’s fourth fastest. Anchored in India and wedded to traditional values and strong ethics, Tata companies are building multinational businesses that will achieve growth through excellence and innovation, while balancing the interests of shareholders, employees and civil society.

Toll Road Development in Indonesia

Toll Road Development in Indonesia In Indonesia, road is classified into Public Road and Toll Road. Public road means the road provided for general traffic. Road itself mean land transportation infrastructure that comprises all parts of the road, including the supplementary building along with the equipment thereof dedicated for transportation. Meanwhile the definition of Toll Road in Indonesia is public road that become part of a road network system and as a national road in which the users are required to pay toll Function of Toll Road in Indonesia Based on Law 38/2004 and Government Regulation 15/2005, toll road has position and function described as the following : The toll road is operated to: a. ensures an obstructed traffic in a developed area; b. increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the goods and services distribution service in order to improve the economic development; c. alleviate the financial burden of the Government by means of including the participation of the road user; and d. to improve the equal distribution of the results of development and justice. The toll road shall be managed by the Government and/or a business entity that is qualified to do so. The user of a toll road shall be subjected to a mandatory requirement of paying a fee for the toll to be used as a return of investment, maintenance and development of the toll road. Requirement of Toll Road The toll road shall have a higher specification, higher safety and convenience service levels than those of the existing public roads which have requirement as follows: The toll road used for intercity traffic shall be designed at least eighty (80) kilometers per hour, and a toll road in urban areas shall be designed at a speed plan of at least sixty (60) kilometers per hour. The toll road shall be designed to enable it to hold the heaviest axle of eight (8) tons at the lowest; Each toll road link shall have railings and be served by crossing facilities in the form of bridges of tunnels. The pints which may be dangerous to toll road users shall be equipped with safety structures with the strengths and structures that are able to absorb vehicle crash energy. Economic Function of Toll Road The main principle economic function of toll road is based on achieving economic optimum that can be described as follows : Policy to encourage road network development and its benefits, as well as balanced inter-regional development Ensuring equal distribution of development activities and gains, and equilibrium in area development with due principle of justice, Increasing the efficiency of distribution services for improvement of the economy particularly in the more developed areas Ease the financial burden of the government through road user participation Decreasing congestion in highly growth regions resulting efficient travel times and low vehicle operating costs Concept of Public Private Partnership (PPP) The term of public-private partnership was used first time in the United States to definite correlation between joint public and private sector for educational programs for urban renewal in the 1950s until 1960s(Yescombe 2007). In fact, there is no single or uniformed definition of PPP in the world including in Indonesia. According to Delmon (2009) PPP is defined as an arrangements between public and private entities for delivery of infrastructure services and are seen as a way of raising additional funds for infrastructure investments but more importantly as a means to extend or leverage better budget funding through efficiency gains. In UK, PPP is explained as an arrangement by which a government service or private business venture is funded and operated through a partnership of government and the private sector. (NAO 2009) The term PPP covers a range of different structures which can be used to deliver a project or a service. The term can cover a spectrum from relatively short term management contracts; through concession contracts; to joint ventures and partial privatizations where there is a sharing of ownership between the public and private sectors which depend on the country and the politics of the time. PPP fills a space between traditionally procured government projects with governments budget and full privatization with privates budget, where government no longer has a direct role in ongoing operations. PPP enables to develop projects which do not have enough profitability with revenues only from projects and are not self-sustaining. Under traditional public sector approach, the public sector designs, builds, operates, and maintains infrastructure, and sets level of quantity and standards of service quality, while under privatization approach, the private sector conducts all of these aspects in place of the public sector. Under PPP approach, the public sector is ultimately accountable for service provisions, although the private sector designs, builds, operates There are various characteristics of PPP as follows: PPP is an arrangement between public and private sector. Usually, it takes form of Contract or Agreement. PPP is applied as a method for provision of public services. Public Services in this definition, are not limited to road services. Public sector remains responsible for the project because a PPP project is operated to deliver public services specified by public sectors. PPP often includes investment and construction of facilities by private sectors. But there can be PPP which does not include facility construction. PPP is applied only when it delivers Value for Money. It means adoption of PPP is recommended if it can bring larger benefits to the public compared to other means of project. PPPs can follow a variety of structures and contractual formats. However, all PPPs incorporate three key characteristics: A contractual agreement defining the roles and responsibilities of the parties, Sensible risk-sharing among the public and the private sector partners, and Financial rewards to the private party commensurate with the achievement of pre specified outputs. PPP is one tool available for decision makers in reforming infrastructure or service delivery. It is most effective way when it is accompanied by other reform activities to underpin and reinforce the PPP and to support sustainable improvement. A successful PPP is designed with careful attention to the context or the enabling environment within which the partnership will be implemented. Where the operating environment can be reformed to be more conducive to the goals of PPP, this should be accomplished. Where elements of the operating context cannot be changed, the PPP design must be tailored to accommodate existing conditions. To be successful, PPP must be built upon a sector diagnostic that provides a realistic assessment of the current sector constraints. Specifically, the sector diagnostic will cover: (1) technical issues; (2) legal, regulatory, and policy frameworks; (3) Institutional and capacity status; and (4) Commercial, financial, and economic issues. Objectives of PPP The prime objective of government in using PPP is to achieve improved value for money, or improved services for the same amount of money as the public sector would spend. Besides that, other objective is desiring to provide increased infrastructure provision and services within imposed budgetary constraints by utilizing private sources of finance, if possible, via off balance sheet structures or to accelerate delivery of projects which might otherwise have to be delayed. The Main Principles of PPP According(Agency 2012) in Design, Build, Finance and Operate (DBFO) of Road Project, the main principles of PPP are: a. Transfer of Risk The risk allocation between every stakeholder must be well informed therefore every party both government and private know every risk on staging of toll road development such as design, construction and operation/maintenance, including financing of its project. b. Value for Money The government has authority to determine the economical and financial of project, in using government money and private money or combination both of them. c. Managerial Responsibility Private sector have capability and responsibility to manage, operate and maintain of road project d. Payment for Service For road project that full financed by government, the staging of road development is carried out by Private Sector. The Government has authority to regulate and monitor every progress of its staging. Government will pay the private sector based on performance of project and has right to terminate project if it is needed. e. Partnership The government and private are committed to cooperate in practice to get efficient and effective result. f. Private-sector Innovation By understanding risk factors in road project, the private sector has used innovation for efficiency of road development staging. The Private Sector concept encourages a productive partnership between the public and private sectors, by using private capital and commercial expertise to fund initial construction and long-term maintenance of Private Sector roads in operation year. Investment Concept Regarding (Horngren 1994) investment decisions concerning long-term plan for the use of capital (capital budgeting) consist of six staging process: (1) identification stage, choosing type of investment suitable with organizational objective, (2) search stage, seeking alternative investment capital that can meet the organizational goals, (3) information-acquisition stage, searching data and qualitative and quantitative analysis of various alternative investment capital, (4) selection stage, choosing one capital investments based on financial analysis by the method: discounted cash flow ( net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR)), payback and accrual accounting rate or return, (5) financing stage and (6) implementation and control stage. Those all concepts shall be directly apply to initial investment concept, including Public Private Partnership Risk Allocation in Public Private Partnership Definition of Risk In term definition, risk is unpredictable variation in value. It includes the possibility of unexpectedly good or unexpectedly bad, outcomes. The risk of a project is unpredictable variation in the total value of the project, taking account not only of the value of the project company but also of the value accruing to customers, the government, and other stakeholders. A stakeholders risk in a project is unpredictable variation in the value of the stakeholders interest in the project. Each risk should be allocated, along with rights to make related decisions, so as to maximize total project value, taking account of each partys ability to(Irwin 2007): 1. Influence the corresponding risk factor. 2. Influence the sensitivity of total project value to the corresponding risk factor, for example, by anticipating or responding to the risk factor. 3. Absorb the risk. Risk in Public Private Partnership The purpose of the risk identification stage on toll road project is to define as extensively as possible, a list with all types and sources of risks and uncertainties that might have an impact on the project. It is a crucial stage for the risk management process, because if a risk cannot be identified, it cannot consequently be evaluated and managed. (Tanaka, et al. 2005) Toll Road project risks should be assigned to the public or private entity that is best at controlling and managing them. In most of the cases, the private sector has taken on risk associated with the design, financing, construction, operation and maintenance of facilities, general regulatory risks as well as cover for insurable force majeure events. On the other hand, the public sector has been responsible for environmental license approvals and other planning permits, right-of-way land acquisition, discriminatory regulatory risk, and uninsurable force majeure events and political risks. Risk Allocation Principles in Public Private Partnership Determination of the Concession obligations in a PPP Agreement need to conform with the risk allocation principles understood by every party . An optimal risk allocation is vital in maximizing the value for money. The common principle for risk allocation is that a risk should be allocated to party which is relatively able to manage the risk, or having the least cost of absorbing such risk. If this principle is implemented properly, it is expected that the risk premium and the project cost would be lower leading to positive impact to the project stakeholders. The implementation examples of such principle in the market are as follow: Risks which have not been managed well in the past, or those which the agency has little experience in managing, should be transferred if cost-effective, particularly where the risk can be influenced by the controlling party; Risks which are outside the control of either party, or are equally influenced by both parties (e.g. certain force majeure events) should be shared; Risks that the government can manage well, or is in a more informed position to control than the private sector (e.g. planning approvals, legislation risks) should be retained; and There may also be some risks that, while transferred, may possibly remain an exposure for the public sector (e.g. risk of sponsor default). If an event cannot be resolved satisfactorily, the government steps in and assumes full responsibility for the risk (or the project as a whole). This is appropriate where the project is delivering critical social infrastructure and associated services. Models of Risk Allocation of Public Private Partnerships One of PPPs benefits is there is possibility to share the possible risk of the project between private sector and government. On one hand, the private sector has the capability to deal with commercial risk, but on the other hand, they need to relief from non-commercial risk that beyond their control (Soedjito 2009). Models of risk allocation in public private partnership is depicted in The common models for public private partnerships are BOT and concession and the difference between these two depends on the level of support provided by the government. Risk Assessment Approaches From a review on the existing methodologies used for the evaluation and assessment of risk in the financial appraisal of projects, two main categories of approaches were identified: qualitative techniques and quantitative techniques. Qualitative Techniques Qualitative techniques have been used for compiling a list of the main risk sources and describing their likely consequences, without entering in details about the quantification of their probability of occurrence. (Merna and Njiru 2002). The next step after all sources of risk are identified is to define some kind of order of priority. On the limited time, risk assessment may be biased towards the use of relatively simple procedures such as qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques (Ward, 1999). Quantitative Techniques Quantitative techniques aim to represent the likelihood and impact of risks in terms of the usual planning measures, such as time and money (Grey, 1995). Two of the most widely used quantitative risk analysis techniques in the financial appraisal of projects are: deterministic analysis techniques and probabilistic analysis techniques (Merna and Njiru, 2002). Sensitivity analysis, as part of deterministic techniques, is probably the most representative approach among the quantitative techniques. Sensitivity analysis examines the effect of changes in the value of the models dependent variable resulting from the changes in the value of one or more of the input variables to the model. The most popular form of sensitivity analysis is the one-factor-at-the time approach, wherein the main advantage is that it allows interpretation of the results in an easily understandable way. Another form of sensitivity analysis is the scenario analysis, which recalculates the model for a combination of simultaneous changes in the input variables (Van Groenendaal and Kleijnen, 1997). Frequently, three types of scenarios are distinguished: an optimistic case, a base case, and a pessimistic case. Some of the major shortcomings of using sensitivity analysis are: 1. Equal probability of occurrence is given to all scenarios (despite the likelihood of getting some scenarios with extreme values is lower); 2. Possible inter-dependencies between the variables are ignored; 3. In big projects with many items/activities, a combination of all variables can create a too large set of scenarios. Implementation of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Indonesia Indonesian government through Ministry of Public Works based on Decree of Minister of Public Work number 567/KPTS/M/2010 operated 757.47 km and plans 4618 km of toll roads as part of the national road network divided in 5 major islands in Indonesia (see ) In the implementation of toll road development in Indonesia, there were some periods due to regulations and legislation in valid at that period of time as follows: First Period (1978 1983), Fully financed by Government funds (Government Equity). Second Period (1983 1990), Subsidiary Loan Agreement (SLA) to PT Jasa Marga (two step loan), State Own Enterprise for toll road development. Third Period (1990 1994), Cooperation with private sector using BOT scheme. Fourth Period (1994 2005), Modified BOT scheme (i.e., revenue sharing concept, land acquisition cost is part of investment cost borned by the investor). Fifth Period (2005 present), using Build Operate Transfer (BOT)/ PPP Scheme Law and Regulation for Public Private Partnership of Toll Road in Indonesia After regulatory reform with the Road Law No.38/2004 and Toll Road Government Regulation No.15/2005 allow the development of toll roads through public private partnership, including domestic and international investor. Main regulatory framework for toll roads includes law, regulations, and decrees are presented as follows: Law No. 38 of 2004 concerning Road Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.15 of 2005 concerning Toll Road Regulation of Minister of Public Works No. 295/PRT/M/2005 Concerning Indonesia Toll Road Authority Public Work Ministerial Decree No. 369/KPTS/M/2005 on National Road Network Master Plan to include toll road network master plan Presidential Decree No. 36/2005 on Land Acquisition for Public Purpose Presidential Decree No.67/2005 on PPP Between Government and Enterprises on Infrastructure Provision Finance Ministerial Decree No.518/KMK.01/2005 on Risk Management Unit Decree of Minister of Public Work number 567/KPTS/M/2010 on Status of Toll Road in Indonesia Implementation Framework on Toll Road Project in Indonesia According to the Road Law No.38 of 2004 concerning Road and the Government Regulation No.15 of 2005 concerning Toll Road, roles and institutional framework of toll road project are defined as showed in and Figure 2.. Government of Indonesia set up Indonesia Toll Road Authority (BPJT) which has authority for preparing feasibility study, Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA), bidding documents and selecting private concessionaires. Indonesia Toll Road Authority also has duty to implement a part of toll road management in Indonesia such as set toll road concession, commercialization of toll roads, supervision of toll roads including monitoring and evaluation in Indonesia. This authority is also to deliver Public Private Partnership scheme in toll road investment. Toll Road Investment Procedure in Indonesia Procedure of toll road investment, from project preparation through sign of concession agreement, is shown in . The whole process take approximately 24 months (2 years). Then, it is followed by implementing the agreement through the whole period in accordance with the concession period agreed which vary 30 to 40 years depend on the project condition and project by project basis. AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION (ÂÂ ± 14 months) (ÂÂ ± 4-6 months) PREPARE PQ DOCUMENT SUBMIT PQ DOCUMENT PREPARE BID PROPOSAL SUBMIT BID PROPOSAL BID BOND RECEIVE NOTICE AWARD PRIVATE SECTOR SIGN CONTRACT PERFORMANCE BOND, LAND ACQUISITION COST, FINANCIAL CLOSURE BID CONFERENCE-BID PREPARATION PQ AND BID INVITATION PREQUALIFICATION OF BIDDER RECEIPT AND OPENING BID PROJECT PREPARATION EVALUATION OF BID APOINTMENT OF SUCCESFUL BIDDER CONSESSION AGREEMENT BPJT/GOVERMENT PREPARE SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE Figure 2. Toll Road Investment Procedure (source: BPJT 2010) Existing PPP Model of Toll Road Project in Indonesia There are 3 (three) models that can be applied under the PPP scheme in Indonesia, depend on the economic and financial viability of the projects (Karsaman 2008). These models are shown in Figure 2. Scheme 1, where the economic viability of the toll road is good but its financial viability poor, the government take over the finance and construction of the toll road, but when it has been finished, then it will tendering for its operating maintaining to private sector. This has been applied in Tanjung Priok Access Road, Jakarta and Suramadu Bridge, East Java. Scheme 2, where the economic viability of the toll road is good but its financial viability is marginal, the Government can support Land Acquisition and partly construction cost and the private sector has to finance and constructing other part and then operate and maintain the toll road. This scheme is applied in Solo-Ngawi-Kertosono Toll Road (Central Java and East Java) case and might be applied in other links. Scheme 3, where the economic and financial viabilities of the toll road are good, the private sector has to finance and constructing all of the road and then operate and maintain it through the concession period. This scheme is applied in most of the toll road development in general. Financial Feasibility of Toll Road Investment Indikator Kelayakan yang akan dipergunakan dalam studi ini, adalah : 1. Net Present Value (NPV) Net Present Value adalah selisih antara Present Value Benefit dikurangi dengan Present Value Cost. Hasil NPV dari suatu proyek yang dikatakan layak secara finansial adalah yang menghasilkan nilai NPV bernilai positif. Dalam hal ini semua rencana akan dilaksanakan apabila NPV > 0, atau persamaan di atas memenuhi : Net Present Value (NPV) = PVBenefit PVCost = positif Hal tersebut berarti bahwa pembangunan konstruksi jalan akan memberikan keuntungan, dimana benefit/ cash flow positif akan lebih besar dari pada cost/ cash flow negatif. 2. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 3. Payback Ratio Rasio DSCR Public private partnership (PPP) are a generic term for the relationships formed between the private sector and public bodies often with the aim of introducing private sector resources and/or expertise in order to help provide and deliver public sector assets and services. The term PPP is used to describe a wide variety of working arrangements from loose, informal and strategic partnerships to design-build finance- operate (Private Sector) type service contracts and formal joint venture companies. (4Ps, UK local government procurement agency) In general, the basic concept of toll road development and management are as follows.1 The Government establishes Master Plan of Toll Road Network as a guidance of toll road development, while the toll road links will be determined by the Minister. Government holds authority of toll road development, where as parts of the authority concerning toll road business are being executed by Indonesia Toll Road Authority BPJT (Task and authorities of BPJT are described in Minister of Public Works Regulation No.295/PRT/M/2005.) Toll road business can be financed by the Government and/or qualified business entity. Financing by Government is for the toll road links that economically feasible, but not financially feasible. Financing by business entity is for toll road links which are both economically and financially feasible. Under particular conditions, where the toll road can not be developed by business entities, the Government will take proper action in accordance with the authorities. Initial tariff will be established by Minister as stated in concession agreement. The tariff will be adjusted every two years based on inflation index, an determined by the Minister. Procurement of either part of all aspects of toll road operation will be done through an open and transparent tender process. Land acquisition is responsibility of the Government, however its budget can be provided by Government and/or business entity.

The History and Future of Computers and the Internet :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The History and Future of Computers and the Internet The early history of mechanical computers really began to take off in the mid 1940’s. Between 1943-1946 the first true general purpose electronic computer was made. Constructed at the University of Pennsylvania the computer was named the ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and computer.) The ENIAC was developed by two important keystone species, John William Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert Jr. The ENIAC was absolutely humongous; it stood 10 feet tall and occupied 1,000 square feet of floor space. On top of that it weighed in at 30 tons! The major problem with the ENIAC was its reliability. The ENIAC ran on vacuum tubes, and these vacuum tubes constantly burnt out causing people to replace them on an average of 50 times a day. Both Mauchly and Eckert realized that the ENIAC needed major improvement and began working on other designs. Unfortunately due to several members abandoning the project to pursue other jobs their next computer, the EDVAC never really took off. The first commercially successful computer to hit the market was in 1951. The computer was named the UNIVAC. The UNIVAC was manufactured by Remington Rand and was influenced by Eckert and Mauchly. The Univac was 943 cubic feet and ran on serial vacuum tubes. 46 UNIVAC’s were built for government and business uses. The UNIVAC was able to show its superiority over other technological advances like the IBM punch card. Although the UNIVAC was much faster than the punch card it took a year for people to fully accept the UNIVAC. The UNIVAC is also known for predicting the Eisenhower election, thus making it a household name. With the UNIVAC gaining popularity some people began thinking that the computer was the next step towards a better technological future. Tom Watson Jr. was one of the few that saw a great future in computers. After struggling to convince his father that the computer was the next step in business Watson Jr. began development on the IBM 650. While the IBM 650 wasn’t technologically better than the UNIVAC it did sell better. Tom Watson Jr. brought an IBM company which previously declared that computers will have no place in the homes of America to a thriving business. While computers seemed to be doing wonders for businesses it didn’t truly ‘hit home’ until the birth of the internet. The Birth of the Internet Many people forget why the internet was originally formed.

Erythroxylum: The Coca Plant :: Botany

Erythroxylum: The Coca Plant The coca plant is a member of the order Geraniales and the family Erythroxylaceae. There are four genera with an estimated 200 species in Erythroxylaceae (De Witt, 1967). Coca was first described as Erythroxylum by A.L. Jussieu in 1783. It was given the binomial Erythroxylum coca by Lamarck in 1786. Early botanists believed that all coca plants were of the same species. Later researchers found that two species of domesticated coca existed. These are Erythroxylum coca Lam. and Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron (Rury and Plowman, 1983). The two species have two varieties, Erythroxylum coca Lam. var. coca, E. coca var. Ipuda Plowman, E. novogranatense (Morris) Hieron var. novogranatense, and E. novogranatense var. truxillense (Rusby) Plowman (Plowman, 1983). Distribution Coca is grown in South America, Africa, Ceylon, Taiwan, Indonesia and Formosa (De Witt, 1967). Coca is most commonly associated with its center of origin, the South American Montana zone of the eastern Andes below 2000m (Bray & Dollery, 198:3). According to Rury and Plowman (1983) E. coca var. Coca, Huanuco or Bolivian coca is the ancestral variety. Bolivian coca grows in the moist tropical forests of the eastern Andes of Peru and Bolivia. This variety is the only one of the four found growing wild. Bolivian coca is the major source of commercially produced coca leaves and cocaine. Amazon coca, E. coca var. ipuda is cultivated in the lowland Amazon. It has been suggested that this variety is a lowland cultigen of Bolivian coca. In contrast to Bolivian coca it is not found growing wild (Rury and Plowman, 1993). E. novogranatense var. truxillense or Trujillo coca is a hardy, drought resistant variety. It is found growing in river valleys of coastal Peru and other arid areas of this region. Bohm, Ganders & Plowman (1982) state that this variety displays many characteristics that are intermediate between E. coca var. coca and E. novogranatense var. novogranatense, and may represent an evolutionary stage between these species. E. novogranatense var. novogranatense or Colombian coca is cultivated in both moist and dry areas in the Colombian mountains. It is also drought tolerant and is not found growing outside Cultivation. Evidence shows that this variety maybe the most evolved species (Rury & Plowman, 1983). Cultivation Coca plants are small evergreen shrubs with reddish brown bark. They have many small branchlets with elliptical-obovate opposite leaves measuring 4-7 cm. in length and 3-4 cm.

Time Management Between College and Busy Life

Finding time for yourself while having a busy college schedule, may mean different things to different students, in the way that they use their time, but the end-result is the same: time without schoolwork! While some feel that using the gym is entertainment, others think that it is a dreaded necessity, the point is well taken; it is time to think, decompress, eliminate stress, alone or with a friend, as they are exercising together. The problem is that most college kids save their homework for Sunday night. Instead of planning properly and getting most of it done before a Saturday night party, they procrastinate. Many kids drink in college, so they already should know that the pleasure of this procrastination is not worth the pain, along with the remorse of some actions caused by drinking, of putting things off until Sunday night. Some students are more well-balanced than others. They will make a choice and perhaps wind down on Friday night, without going on, relaxing alone, listening to music, catching up on laundry, or even calling home. Some get a jump on Saturday's homework; it is those students that do not wait until Sunday night. It is also those students that are able to wake up early enough on Saturday to do their homework, in the first place! As young adults, they have to learn how to find harmony in their lives and to not feel out of kilter, too often. They need to learn about the Ying and Yang, the balance of nature and your total being, and take a Life Skills course. Too many times, and it is unfortunate, that students do not know how to make use of their time properly. Girls need time alone, and time for their girlfriends, even if they are going out with someone. An important rule, however, is to not allow a guy to interfere with much needed time alone, so that they can recharge and mentally cope (because many do get depressed), and guys must not interfere in anyone's studies. Springing into adulthood is a challenge in itself; often the first semester of freshman year, students feel â€Å"free† and can get too much out of control. It is their Resident Asssitant (R. A. ) who can help them deal with feelings of being homesick, and help to tame this newly found freedom and deal with coping skills, to avoid that aforementioned depression. They can teach them how to manage their time wisely and cite example as to what happens when they get out of control. To deal with a week of schoolwork, deadlines, lack of sleep, and sometimes too much sleep, among the midst of altered schedules is something that is experienced and learned. It is the good vices, such as time alone, phone calls home, and time to â€Å"chill† that is an art in itself to master, and to make habits †¦ good habits! Start developing those lifelong habits that are necessary to have a balanced life, as you think about entering the workforce in the future! It will be here before you know it!

Independence Day Essay

Independence Day, observed annually on 15 August in India commemorating the nation’s independence from Kingdom of Great Britain on 15 August 1947. India attained independence following an independence movement noted for largely nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience led by the Indian National Congress (INC). Independence coincided with the partition of India, in which the British Indian Empire was divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan; the partition was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties, and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to sectarian violence. On 17 Aug 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, who had become the first Prime Minister of India that day, raised the Indian national flag above the Lahore Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. On each subsequent Independence Day, the Prime Minister has raised the flag and given a speech. The holiday is observed throughout India with flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades and cultural events. Indians celebrate the day by displaying the national flag on their attire, accessories, homes and vehicles; by listening to patriotic songs, watching patriotic movies; and bonding with family and friends. Books and films feature the independence and partition in their narrative. Separatist and militant organizations have often carried out terrorist attacks on and around 15 August, and others have declared strikes and used black flags to boycott the celebration. History of our Independence Day: European traders had established outposts on the Indian subcontinent by the 17th century. Through overwhelming military strength, the British East India company subdued local kingdoms and established themselves as the dominant force by the 18th century. Following the Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led the British Crown to assume direct control of India. In the decades following, civic society gradually emerged across India, most notably the Indian National Congress, formed in 1885. The period after World War I was marked by British reforms such as the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, but it also witnessed the enactment of the repressive Rowlatt Act and calls for self-rule by Indian activists. The  discontent of this period crystallized into nationwide non-violent movements of non-cooperation and civil disobedience, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. During the 1930s, reform was gradually legislated by the British; Congress won victories in the resulting elections. The next decade was beset with political turmoil: Indian participation in World War II, the Congress’s final push for non-cooperation, and an upsurge of Muslim nationalism led by the All-India Muslim League. The escalating political tension was capped by Independence in 1947. The jubilation was tempered by the bloody partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan. How do we celebrate it? Independence Day is observed in all Indian states and union territories. On the eve of Independence Day, the President of India delivers the â€Å"Address to the Nation†. On 15 August, the prime minister hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the historical site Red Fort in Delhi. Twenty-one gun shots are fired in honour of the solemn occasion. In his speech, the prime minister highlights the past year’s achievements, raises important issues and calls for further development. He pays tribute to the leaders of the Indian independence movement. The Indian national anthem, â€Å"Jana Gana Mana† is sung. The speech is followed by march past of divisions of the Indian Armed Forces and paramilitary forces. Parades and pageants showcase scenes from the independence struggle and India’s diverse cultural traditions. Similar events take place in state capitals where the Chief Ministers of individual states unfurl the national flag, followed by parades and pageants. Flag hoisting ceremonies and cultural programmes take place in governmental and non-governmental institutions throughout the country. Schools and colleges conduct flag hoisting ceremonies and cultural events. Major government buildings are often adorned with strings of lights. In Delhi and some other cities, kite flying adds to the occasion. National flags of different sizes are used abundantly to symbolize allegiance to the country. Citizens adorn their clothing, wristbands, cars, household accessories with replicas of the tri-color. Over a period of time, the celebration has changed emphasis from nationalism to a broader celebration of all things India. The Indian diaspora celebrates Independence Day around the world with parades and pageants, particularly in regions with higher concentrations of Indian  immigrants. In some locations, such as New York and other US cities, 15 August has become â€Å"India Day† among the diaspora and the local populace. Pageants celebrate â€Å"India Day† either on 15 August or an adjoining weekend day. South Korea is a country which celebrates its Independence Day on fifteenth august. Independence Day before Independence At the 1929 Lahore session of the Indian National Congress, the Purna Swaraj declaration, or â€Å"Declaration of the Independence of India† was promulgated, and 26 January was declared as Republic Day. The Congress called on people to pledge themselves to civil disobedience and â€Å"to carry out the Congress instructions issued from time to time† until India attained complete independence. Celebration of such an Independence Day was envisioned to stoke nationalistic fervour among Indian citizens, and to force the British government to consider granting independence. The Congress observed 26 January as the Independence Day between 1930 and 1947. The celebration was marked by meetings where the attendants took the â€Å"pledge of independence†. Jawaharlal Nehru described in his autobiography that such meetings were peaceful, solemn, and â€Å"without any speeches or exhortation†. Gandhi envisaged that besides the meetings, the day would be spent â€Å"in doing some constructive work, whether it is spinning, or service of ‘untouchables,’ or reunion of Hindus and Mussalmans, or prohibition work, or even all these together†. Following actual independence in 1947, the Constitution of India came into effect on and from 26 January 1950; since then 26 January is celebrated as Republic Day.

Case Study of Management of Globalization at Ryanair

Case Study of Management of Globalization at Ryanair With increasing globalisation, numbers of companies are entering different foreign markets but some of them only attain success. This is because of their lack of knowledge about free markets advantages and limitations and role of enterprise within organisations (Brooke 1996). Firms that operate by assessing the impact of globalisation are much able to operate successfully rather than the firms that operate without analysing the impact of globalisation (Vittorio 2006). In this report all these aspects will be discussed with the help of a company, Ryan Air that is one of the oldest and most flourishing low-cost airlines of Europe (About Us 2011). This report will be completed by analyzing all previous researches or studies done in this field and its implications in real life. Different researchers and theorist have analysed free markets, globalisation and role of enterprise within organizations. With their analyses they have also given different theories and approaches that can be use d in a workplace to maximise its opportunities. All these theories and approaches will be used to analyse that what extent free market conditions have allowed Ryan Air to grow and prosper (Iyer & Masters 2000). As well it will also describe, at what extent the company had benefitted from free market conditions and to what extent it was constrained by limitations on this market. In addition to this, here it will also be analysed that how company and other markets are driven by enterprise led organisations. In the end, it will also be analysed that what extent the air travel market relies on globalisation and what is the importance of global expansion for Ryan Air. As well, in this report the importance of global markets in other industries will also be evaluated along with the analysis of importance of globalisation. Critical Evaluation of Ryan Air’s Entry Ryan Air was established in the year 1985 and it entered low cost European air travel market as a low cost airline. The co mpany attained huge success in Europe and it was all because of free market conditions (About Us 2011). The company success due to free market conditions can be understood effectively by critically evaluating it along with the discussion of its benefits and limitations. Significance of Free Market Conditions to Ryanair: Free market conditions refer to an economy or market in which buying and selling of products and services is done without any restriction related to price and valuation. European air travel market is also highly affected with free market conditions that in turn have also affected Ryan Air (Brooke 1996). The company is highly affected by free market conditions and it is an important reason of its growth and success. Due to the effect of free market conditions, the company along with its competitors has become able in allowing market forces to determine the price and values of air travel offered by them (Vittorio 2006). The free market concept was initially conceptuali zed throughout the First World War but in present it has become a reason of number of economies success. With the free market conditions of Europe, Ryan Air has derived various benefits like flexibility, freedom, and variety that in turn assist it in growing its business operations in Europe and in other foreign countries (Suneja 2000). With the free market conditions like deregulation and free market entry, Ryanair has been able to exploit the Irish and subsequently the European transport market (Brophy & George 2003).

Negotiations and strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Negotiations and strategy - Essay Example Due to this increase, News Corporation is currently liquid with an estimated cash flow of approximately $2.4 billion. Analysts believe that the cash flow of operations will increase to $3 billion within the next 2 years. This cash flow allows News Corporation to have greater flexibility to invest in capital-oriented projects as well as to prepare for the upcoming challenges it might face. On the downside, News Corporation has a large outstanding debt amounting to $11 billion. It is speculated that inflation of interest rates would increase its debt and cause a negative impact on its operating income. However, history tells us that the company was able to survive the largest bankruptcy restructuring in history when it suffered major setbacks in the 1990s. Not only did it survived the restructuring, it also bounced back to generate a 315% increase in its net profits in the mid-90s. 4. Under the license permit, the creative team of the Neighborhood obtains the total freedom of all necessary decisions included but not limited to the cast selection, crewmembers, cutting and editing. At this point in the negotiation, we would like to discuss further the creative issues involving the format of the show. We feel uncomfortable with Fox Entertainment’s proposal to change the format of the show to suit their Fox Sports Network programming. The fact that the is no clear showing that the focus on the lives of purely high school athletes in the inner city might prove to be quite limiting on our part. Furthermore, there are no current bases that will give us some ideas of whether or not such change would prove to be profitable. The current format of the neighborhood is analogues to the plot of Laguna Beach: The Real orange County, which is gathering huge following at the moment. To recall, Laguna Beach revolves around the lives of upper class